Kuldip Singh, J. 353. The expression “……any backward class of citizens ……”in Article 16(4) of the Constitution as understood till date means ‘socially and educationally backward class’. In Janki Prasad…
Kuldip Singh, J. 340. Secularism is the basic feature of the Indian Constitution. It envisages a cohesive, unified and casteless society. The Constitution has completely obliterated the caste-system and has…
Kuldip Singh, J. 333. Caste-system in this country is sui generis to Hindu religion. The Hindu-orthodoxy believes that an early hymn in the Rigveda (the Purusasukta :- 10.90) and the…
Kuldip Singh, J. 329. The Government action on the Mandal Report evoked spontaneous reaction all over the country. The controversy brought to the fore important constitutional issues for the determination…
30-11-1948 “Now, Sir, to come to the other question which has been agitating the members of this House, viz., the use of the word ‘backward” in clause (3) of Article…
Thomman J.1 Summary : (1) It is open to the State to adopt valid classification and make special provisions for the protection of classes of citizens whose comparative backwardness the…
J. Thomman1 306. ‘Reservation of appointments or posts’ mentioned in Article 16(4) is with reference to appointments ‘in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of…
Thomman J. 314. Reservation is the extreme limit to which the doctrine of affirmative action can be extended. Beyond the strict confines of clause (4) of Article 16, reservation in…
THOMMEN, J.1 271. What is sought to be identified is not caste, religion and the like, but social and educational backwardness, generally manifested by disabilities such as illiteracy, humiliating isolation,…
THOMMEN, J.1 269. The President of India issued the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 relating to the States, and the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Union Territories Order, 1951 relating to the…
