What is ‘Kharch-e-Pandan’, and how does it differ from ‘Pin-Money’ under English common law?
When we read the maintenance laws, a word comes before us ‘Kharch-e-pandan’. ‘Kharch-e- Pandan’ was the allowance which was given for the maintenance of wives. ‘Pan’ means betel leaf in…
Differences between Forgery and Fabrication of Evidence
Chapter XI is headed “Of False Evidence and Offences against Public Justice”. Section 191 defines the offence of giving false evidence which is known as perjury in English Law. It…
Why section 25 of IPC which defines ‘Fraudulently’ used the word ‘with intent to defraud’?
The word “fraudulently” is defined by s. 25 of the Penal Code. A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that thing with intent to defraud…
How evidence in Rape cases should be evaluated?- Supreme Court Guidelines
Rape is not merely a physical assault - it is often destructive of the whole personality of the victim. A murderer destroys the physical body of his victim, a rapist…
Concept of Mistake of Fact
Section 79 of the Indian Penal Code provides that nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law, or who by reason of mistake…
A Nonsense Trial: Trial in Wonderland
Trial in Wonderland There are countless adaptions, illustrations and inspirations on ‘Alice in Wonderland’, however, no movie could depict the same illustration as it is in the novel. Also, there…
How to Decide if any death is ‘Murder’ or ‘Culpable Homicide’?
The academic distinction between ‘murder’ and ‘culpable homicide not amounting to murder’ has vexed the courts for more than a century. The confusion is caused, if courts losing sight of…
Difference between murder and culpable homicide not amounting to murder
Section 299 of the IPC provide the definition of Culpable homicide and Section 300 defines the meaning of ‘Murder’. The similarity between the two sections creates confusion in the mind…
How Intention to cause Bodily Injury under section 300 may be ascertained?
We advise you to read this article if you already have read Section 300 of IPC. Section 300 of the IPC categorized the situations under which a culpable homicide amounts…
Dowry Laws in India
For more than a century, inspite of tall words of respect for women, there has been an onslaught on their liberties through `bride burning’ and `dowry deaths’. This has caused…