Identification of Castes in Mandal Report- Justice Kuldeep Singh Judgment in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 394. Legal aspects arising out of Article 16(4) have been discussed and decided. Finally, we have to examine the process of identification of the backward classes and…
Below Poverty Line Criteria to Identify Backward Class- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 387. Whether a group of citizens living below poverty line or under poverty-conditions can be considered a backward class under Article 16(4) ? In other words can…
The Discussion of ‘Means-Test’ in Justice Kuldeep Singh Judgment in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 386. The protective discrimination in the shape of job-reservations has to be programmed in such a manner that the most deserving section of the backward class is…
The Reservation under Article 16(1)- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 383. Article 16(1) provides equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to State-services. Equals have to be treated equally whereas the unequals ought not to…
Whether the Article 16(4) provide reservation even in Promotion? – Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 373. The next question for consideration is whether Article 16(4) provides reservation of appointments or posts at the stage of initial entry to Government services or even…
The Other Mediums to Help the Backward Class Other Than Reservation- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Justice Kuldeep Singh 372. Before parting with the subject I may say that the successive Governments, whether in the States or at the Centre, have been remiss in the discharge…
The meaning of the expression ‘Adequate Representation’ under Article 16(4)- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Kuldip Singh, J. 360. Over a period of four decades this Court under a mistaken view read the expression “any backward class of citizens” in Article 16(4) to mean the…
Meaning of the Expression ‘The Backward Class’ under Article 16(4)- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Kuldip Singh, J. 353. The expression “……any backward class of citizens ……”in Article 16(4) of the Constitution as understood till date means ‘socially and educationally backward class’. In Janki Prasad…
Obliteration of Caste System under Indian Constitution- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Kuldip Singh, J. 340. Secularism is the basic feature of the Indian Constitution. It envisages a cohesive, unified and casteless society. The Constitution has completely obliterated the caste-system and has…
Caste System in Hindu Religion- Justice Kuldeep Singh in Indira Sawhney (1992)
Kuldip Singh, J. 333. Caste-system in this country is sui generis to Hindu religion. The Hindu-orthodoxy believes that an early hymn in the Rigveda (the Purusasukta :- 10.90) and the…