Section 307 IPC, Arms Act and the Burden of Proof: Judicial Scrutiny in State v. Gian & Ors.
Argued by: AdvocateForMr. Parnav Juneja, Advocate.Accused I. Introduction The judgment in State v. Gian & Ors. marks a significant contribution ...
To what extent can the reservation be made?
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] 179. The next baffling question relates to the permissible extent of reservation in appointments. 180. It ...
Whether the further classification as ‘Poorer Sections’ from and out of the identified SEBCs is permissible under Article 16(4)? – Indira Sawhney’s Case
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] 194. The most important pivotal and crucial issue that I would now like to ponder over ...
The Question of Creamy Layer in Indira Sawhney Case
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] 223. A further submission has been made stating that the benefits of reservation are often snatched ...
A Shoe at the Bench: Warning Signs from India’s Turbulent Street
When a lawyer stood up in the Supreme Court of India on 6 October 2025 and hurled a shoe at ...
Does Reservation affect the efficiency in System? – Indira Sawhney’s Case
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] “158. A programme of reservation may sacrifice merit but does not in any way sacrifice competence ...
The Grounds on which Mandal Commission Report was challanged in Indira Sawhney Case
The Mandal Commission Report that recommended reservation to backward Class, was attacked on various ground when it was challenged in ...
Clipping the Wings of Drones? A Legal Look at India’s 2025 Drone Bill
Introduction India’s proposed Civil Drone (Promotion and Regulation) Bill, 2025 (“the Bill”) is a self-contained enactment to regulate Unmanned Aircraft ...
Can Caste be a determinant for Social and Educational Backwardness? – Indira Sawhney Case
In Indira Sawhney v. Union of India (1992), amongst other issues, the Supreme Court made an analysis on whether caste ...
The Definition of ‘Backwardness’ under Article 16
Article 16(4) expressly permits the State to make any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of ...
The Meaning of ‘Class’ and ‘Caste’- Indira Sawhney Case
In Indira Sawhney v. Union of India (1992), while stating that the caste cannot be a sole factor for determining ...
The Rise of Corporate Criminal Liability: Holding Companies Accountable for White-Collar Crimes
Kashish Jain,(BBA LLB HONOURS (Final Year)), Prestige Institute of Management & Research Abstract The shift of corporate entities from simple ...
Whether a particular class of citizens is backward or not is a justiciable one- Triloki Nath Case
Article 16(4) expressly permits the State to make any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of ...
Why Article 15(4) was inserted in the Constitution? – A Brief History
The Government of Tamil Nadu issued a Communal G.O. in 1927 making compartmental reservation of posts for various communities. Subsequently ...
Appointment of Commissions in India for Identifying Backward Classes
For providing reservations for backward class of citizens, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the public educational institutions and for ...
Fundamental Rights those aspire for egalitarian Society
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] Part-III dealing with 'Fundamental Rights' and Part-IV dealing with 'Directive Principles of State Policy' which represent ...
Indira Sawhney-I- What were the facts of the Writ Petitions?
For giving effective implementation to clause (4) of Article 16 that provides equality of opportunity in matters of public employment ...
The Prologue of Indira Sawhney-I Judgment by Justice S.R. Pandian
S. Ratnavael Pandian. J.[1] Equality of status and of opportunity.......' the rubric chiselled in the luminous preamble of our vibrating ...
Does Article 14 also apply to Foreigners?
Article runs as follows :- "The State shall not deny to any Person equality before the law or the equal ...
Can Fundamental Rights be Waived? – Basheshar Nath Case
The case of Basheshar Nath v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Delhi and Rajasthan and another (1958) is a landmark case on ...