Caste in Colonial Indian Prisons and the Legacy of Discrimination
(i) History of “Caste” in Prison Manuals According to the Committee on Prison Discipline 1836-38, to force a man of ‘higher caste’ to work at any trade would ‘disgrace him’…
Judicial Interpretation and Legislative Framework for the Protection of Scheduled Castes and Tribes
Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1986 Parliament enacted legislation to prevent discrimination and atrocities against the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. In State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale, Justice…
The Colonial Suppression of Marginalized Castes and Tribes- Criminal Tribes Act
The colonial history indicates that the British reproduced the systems of social hierarchy in their legal framework. Following several revolts from indigenous communities in India, in particular their participation in…
Prohibition of Forced Labour: Constitutional Safeguards and Judicial Interpretations under Article 23
Article 23 provides that: “Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.— (1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and…
The Right of Dignity of Prisoners- Article 21
Article 21 provides that “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. In a number of judgments, the Court has…
“Article 17 of the Indian Constitution: Abolition of Untouchability, Legal Framework, and Social Impact”
Article 17 of the Constitution provides that: ““Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an…
Prohibition of Discrimination: Article 15 and Evolved Jurisprudence on it
Clauses 1 and 2 of Article 15 provide that: “Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.— (1) The State shall not discriminate against…
The Classification Test under Article 14- The limitation and Standards of Application
Article 14 guarantees that the “State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.” Standard to…
The Constitution of India: Emancipation, Equality, and Dignity for All Citizens
The Constitution of India is an emancipatory document. It provides equal citizenship to all citizens of India. The Constitution is not just a legal document, but in India’s social structure,…
When the Election of Pranab Mukherjee as the President of India, was challenged by Opposing Candidate
Pranab Mukherjee was elected as the President of India on 22nd July, 2012. The elections for the president post was held on 19th July, 2012. The official candidates were Pranab…