The classification of “habitual offender” emerged prior to the repeal of the Criminal Tribes Act. Several Provinces had enacted their habitual offender laws. The Madras Restriction of Habitual Offenders Act,…
The question was answered by Supreme Court in the case of ‘Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India (2024)’, when the petitioner, Sukanya Shantha, a journalist, who wrote an article “From…
The question was answered by Supreme Court in the case of ‘Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India (2024)’, when the petitioner, Sukanya Shantha, a journalist, who wrote an article “From…
(i) History of “Caste” in Prison Manuals According to the Committee on Prison Discipline 1836-38, to force a man of ‘higher caste’ to work at any trade would ‘disgrace him’…
Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1986 Parliament enacted legislation to prevent discrimination and atrocities against the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. In State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale, Justice…
The colonial history indicates that the British reproduced the systems of social hierarchy in their legal framework. Following several revolts from indigenous communities in India, in particular their participation in…
Article 23 provides that: “Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.— (1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and…
Article 21 provides that “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. In a number of judgments, the Court has…
Article 17 of the Constitution provides that: ““Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an…
Clauses 1 and 2 of Article 15 provide that: “Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.— (1) The State shall not discriminate against…
