Under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, all citizens shall have the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression and under Article 19(1)(b) of the Constitution they have the fundamental…
The Supreme Court in the case Md Sukur Ali v. State of Assam (2011) analysed the law on the point. The court said, Even assuming that the counsel for the…
The article is an excerpt from the judgment of Justice Kishan Kaul in Maqbul Fida Hussain v. Rajkumar Pandey (2008) Pablo Picasso, a renowned artist said, “Art is never chaste.…
MR Balaji v. State of Mysore (1962), In MR Balaji v. State of Mysore (1962), a Constitution Bench of Supreme Court rejected the argument that in the absence of a…
‘Means’ test and ‘creamy layer’ ‘Means test’ in this discussion signifies imposition of an income limit, for the purpose of excluding persons (from the backward class) whose income is above…
This is an edited excerpt from Indira Sawhney Judgment (Headings have been added) There is no set or recognised method. There is no law or other statutory instrument prescribing the…
An Excerpt from Indira Sawhney Judgment It must be noted what is said during these debates is not conclusive or binding upon the court because several members may have expressed…
The words ‘Caste’ and ‘Class’ in Pre-Constitution India Madras Province In the Madras Provincial and Subordinate Service Rules, 1942, framed by the Governor of Madras under Section 241(2)(b) read with…
An Excerpt from Indira Sawhney Judgement Meaning of Reservation Its meaning has to be ascertained having regard to the context in which it occurs. The relevant words in Section 16…
Cases of Champakam Dorairajan and Venkataraman (1951) Soon after the enforcement of the Constitution two cases reached Supreme Court from the State of Madras – one under Article 15 and…
