This article is a part of the lawmatics series on ‘Simplifying the Charter of United Nation’. In our last articles, we have discussed the
Part I- purposes and principles of United Nation ,
Part II- Membership and Organs of United Nations,
Part III- General Assembly,
Part IV- Security Council, as per its charter,
Part V- Pacific Settlement, use of force by Security council and Military staff committee
In this article, we will discuss chapter IX and X. These chapters provide the establishment International economic and social corporation and Economic and Social council, respectively.
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COOPERATION
Article 55 (Object)
- With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations
- based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples,
- the United Nations shall promote:
a) higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
b) solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational cooperation; and
c) universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
Article 56
All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55.
Article 57- Specialized agencies
1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergovernmental agreement and having wide international responsibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63.
2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.
Article 58 (Functions of the corporation)
The Organization shall make recommendations for the coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies.
Article 59 (Initiation of negotiations among the states)
The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations among the states concerned for the creation of any new specialized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth in Article 55.
Article 60 (Organization responsible to discharge the function)
Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Economic and Social Council.
CHAPTER X THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
Composition Article 61
1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of eighteen Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly.
2.Six members of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election.
(At present, the Council have 54 members which are elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. Seats on the Council are allotted based on geographical representation with fourteen allocated to African States, eleven to Asian States, six to Eastern European States, ten to Latin American and Caribbean States, and thirteen to Western European and other States.)
African States | 14 |
Asian States | 11 |
Eastern European States | 6 |
Latin American and Caribbean States | 10 |
Western European and other States | 13 |
4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one representative.
Functions and Powers – Article 62
1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.
2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.
3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its competence.
4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within its competence.
Article 63 (Agreement with specialized agencies)
1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly.
2. It may coordinate the activities of the specialized agencies through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations.
Article 64 (Reports by the council)
1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommendations on matters falling within its competence made by the General Assembly.
2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the General Assembly.
Article 65 (Assistance to Security Council)
The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its request.
Article 66
1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such functions as fall within its competence in connection with the carrying out of the recommendations of the General Assembly.
2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at the request of specialized agencies.
3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.
Voting Article 67
1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one vote.
2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting.
Procedure
Article 68 (Commissions set up by the council)
The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, and such other commissions as may be required for the performance of its functions.
Article 69 (Invitation non-members to participate in deliberation)
The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member.
Article 70 (Arrangements for specialized agencies to participate in deliberation)
The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.
Article 71 (Consultation with non-governmental organization)
The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements
- for consultation with non-governmental organizations
- which are concerned with matters within its competence.
- Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.
Article 72 (Rule of procedure)
1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President.
2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members.
Reference
Charter of United Nation Organization
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